国家为什么不禁止移民（为何国家不全面禁止移民）

关于金钱能否买来幸福的古老问题，可能永远都不会有确定答案。但是，这并不能阻止中国的富裕家庭试上一试。在中国最富裕的人群中，有一种趋势越来越明显，那就是利用个人财富将自己和家人移民海外。在美版知乎quora上，美国网友提问道：中国在经济上做得这么好，为何还许多中国人仍然在移民西方？这引起各国网友的热议，我们看看他们的观点。

问题

中国网友刘畅的回答

i think i am the most qualified person to answer this question. the following is my work and immigration story.

我想我是华宝小知识，以下是我的职场和移民故事。

i am a chief designer of high-speed train traction transformer with 10 years of work experience. my annual income in a third tier city is about 50000 dollars. i live freely without pressure. a good meal in a restaurant costs only $3, a taxi costs $0.2 per kilometer, a haircut costs $3, a massage costs $10 an hour, an apartment with three bedrooms and one living room costs about $70000, and the electricity charge is $0.06/kwh. there is no need to worry about daily life.

我是华宝小知识，我在一个三线城市的年收入约为5万美元，生活自由，没有压力。在餐厅吃一顿不错的饭只要3美元，出租车每公里0.2美元，理发3美元，按摩一小时10美元，三室一厅的公寓约7万美元，电费0.06美元/千瓦时，日常生活根本无需担心。

i never thought i would lose this job. the railway industry is booming and there are a lot of jobs in the market.

我也从未想过会失去这份工作。铁路行业蓬勃发展，市场上有大量工作岗位。

2016年，拐点出现了，我的公司（abb：瑞士电力和自动化技术厂商）从另一家公司请来了一名外部技术经理。他是个马屁精，不懂铁路基本知识，甚至不尊重工程师。顺便说一句，这样的企业文化就是abb在其声誉良好的业务中失败并出售给三菱的原因。

the management is extremely corrupt. the fuse was my anger at the new managers request that i provide an untested transformer to the customer. he only cares about his performance, while i demand to adhere to safety and quality first, and have an open debate with him. i won, but the big boss still insisted that he stay. i finally woke up and knew it was time to leave.

管理层极度腐败。导火线是我对这位新经理要求我为客户提供一台未经测试的变压器感到愤怒。他只顾他的业绩，而我要求坚持安全和质量优先，并与他公开辩论。我赢了，但大老板仍然坚持让他留下。我终于清醒，知道是时候离职了。

at the crossroads of life, a friends post on wechat caught my eye. why not try different environments and create different lives? australia is known as a paradise for immigrants. it should be good to live there.

在人生的十字路口，一个朋友在wechat上的帖子吸引了我的眼球。为什么不尝试不同的环境，创造不同的生活？澳大利亚被称为移民天堂，住在那里应该很好。

in january 2018, i arrived in melbourne with a permanent residence visa. melbournes international culture, amazing scenery, blue sky and quiet suburbs give me a good view.

2018年1月，我持永久居留签证抵达墨尔本。墨尔本的国际文化、令人惊叹的风景、蔚蓝的天空、宁静的郊区给了我一个很好的视野。

then i found a job as a railway engineer, bought a house, gave birth to a child, made friends with local people, and began to integrate into australia. one year passed.

然后我找到了一份工作，像以前一样是一名铁路工程师，买了一处房产，生了一个孩子，与当地人交了朋友，并开始融入澳大利亚，一年过去了。

随着时间的推移，思想会发生变化。我意识到我以前误解了我故国的一些事情，同样我也知道被所谓资本主义、自由等概念误导了。

due to the high cost of moving in and out, i will still stay in australia for some time. the difference is that i began to dream of making contributions to china again and preparing for my return.

由于搬入搬出的费用太高，我仍将在澳大利亚停留一段时间。不同的是，我开始梦想再次为中国做出贡献，并为回国做准备。

海外网友拉什布鲁克的回答

当然，这个问题最好由中国人来回答。我只能补充一点，作为一名在中国工作了几年的西方人，我惊讶地发现，我交朋友的大多数人都没有搬到西方的愿望。他们喜欢去西方旅行，我的中国朋友总体上仅限于对旅行很感兴趣。

as for the economy and living standard, i think these differences are quite subjective. chinas economic opportunities seem to be unlimited. a large number of giant ships leave chinese ports with products, and then these giant ships sail back to china with cash (metaphor); when i return to canada, i will buy gifts for my chinese friends, but it is difficult for me to find things not made in china. the business in china is very active, but doing business in china seems like swimming with sharks. the competition is too fierce. hmm... this is different from the business environment in the west.

至于经济和生活水平，我觉得这些差异是相当主观的，中国的经济机会似乎是无限的。大量巨轮满载着产品离开中国港口，然后这些巨轮满载现金（比喻）驶回中国；当我回到加拿大后，我会为中国朋友买礼物，但我很难找到非中国制造的东西，中国的生意很活跃，但在中国做生意似乎有点像和鲨鱼一起游泳，竞争太激烈了，嗯……这与西方的商业环境天差地别。

a person must build a very complex social relationship structure in china and work hard, which i think i can never do. it seems that foreigners can never become de facto chinese in china, while chinese can become formal citizens of western countries. therefore, chinese people have an advantage in immigration. personally, i can see that i am very happy in china... but at present, it seems that it is almost impossible to achieve full de facto citizenship.

一个人必须在中国构建一个非常复杂的社会关系结构，并且要用心经营，这是我认为我永远无法做到的。外国人似乎永远不可能在中国成为事实上的中国人，而中国人可以成为西方国家的正式公民。因此，在移民方面，中国人占据优势。就我个人而言，我可以看到自己在中国生活得很幸福……但目前看来，完全的事实公民身份几乎不可能实现。

many comments mentioned that students face too much pressure from the education system. on this point, i have to agree. in my opinion, this may be very demanding and competitive. as a teacher, i looked at my chinese students and couldnt imagine how long they would collapse if my western students studied here.

许多评论都提到，学生们面对教育系统带来的压力太大。在这一点上，我不得不同意。在我看来，这可能是非常苛刻和竞争激烈的。作为一名教师，我看着我的中国学生，无法想象如果我的西方学生在这学习，会多久崩溃。

从积极的方面来看，政府似乎以人民的最大利益为重，并逐步朝着积极的方向发展。我的意思是，政府似乎在鼓励人们搬到基础设施和生活水平往往更高的城市，也在努力改善农村的生活水平。此外，我对中国公共空间的发展方式印象深刻。

我对政府实施财富资源再分配的措施印象深刻，依法对垄断和破坏市场秩序的企业处以巨额罚款等……关注中国的一些大型企业，尤其是科技和教育公司。

i hope that china will continue to develop and will not adopt some unfair methods in western society. china has the opportunity to surpass all countries in all aspects... if they do, i think the world can benefit from their eventual rise.

我希望中国继续发展，希望不要采用西方社会中一些不那么公正的方法。中国有机会在各个方面超越所有国家……如果他们做到了，我认为世界可以从他们的最终崛起中受益。

then we will all knock at the door and ask to immigrate to china.

然后我们都会敲门要求移民中国。

中国网友tuz liu的回答

forty years ago, when the chinese acrobatic troupe or dance troupe visited canada, the united states and other countries, the tourism manager would hold everyones passport, fearing that the chinese actors would leave. even so, many actors stayed. in a special story i heard, the entire troupe once disappeared after performing abroad.

40年前，当杂技团或舞蹈团访问加拿大和美国等国家时，旅游经理会持有每个人的护照，担心中国演员会离开。即便如此，许多演员还是留下了。在我听到的一个特别的故事中，曾经整个剧团在出国演出后都消失了。

twenty years ago, almost all chinese students who could study in western countries would stay in the country, even if it meant illegal residence. many chinese doctors and engineers of that era chose to do humble work in the west rather than return to china.

20年前，几乎所有能够在西方国家留学的中国学生都会留在该国，即使这意味着非法居留。那个时代的许多中国医生和工程师都选择在西方从事卑微的工作，而不是回到中国。

then, about 10 years ago, chinese students began to choose to return home. in just a few years, this model has changed from most students staying in the west to most students returning to china. when my wife graduated, she was the only one who stayed in canada among her dozen chinese students. everyone else returned to china. some leave immediately after graduation, while others stay for several years.

然后，大约10年前，中国学生开始选择回国。在短短几年内，这种模式从大多数留在西方的学生转变为大多数返回中国的学生。当我妻子毕业时，在她十几个中国学生的圈子里，只有她和另一个留在了加拿大。其他人都回到了中国。有些人在毕业后立即离开，有些人则会逗留几年。

this means that china is developing vigorously, which means that china has gone through a hard process from extreme poverty decades ago to almost no gap with the west. even so, china has not yet been completely equal to the west, so there are still many chinese people who want to live in the west.

这意味着中国正在蓬勃发展，意味着中国从几十年前极度贫困到几乎和西方差距不大的艰辛历程。尽管如此，中国还没有和西方完全持平，所以仍然有很多中国人希望来到西方生活。

what i hope the west can understand is that we have done well in china, and we are living a normal life like all other peaceful countries. china is a normal country and should not be demonized. however, for me, immigration is just a choice of lifestyle: i dont want to work until midnight every day, i dont want to sacrifice my vacation, i hope everything around me can be slower, and i hope my children can get rid of the high-pressure childhood like us.

我希望西方能够理解的是，我们在中国做得很好，我们像其他所有和平国家一样过着正常的生活。中国是一个正常的国家，它不应该被妖魔化。尽管如此，对我个人来说，移民只是一种生活方式的选择：我不想每天工作到午夜，我不想牺牲我的假期，我希望我周围的一切都能慢一点，而且我希望我的孩子能像我们一样摆脱高压的童年。

for me, choosing which country i want to stay in is a very difficult choice. in addition to all the negative factors i just mentioned, china is still my home and it is still an amazing place. i have cultural ties here, not to mention my family, friends, midnight shopping center, food, etc.

对我来说，选择我想留在哪个国家是一个非常艰难的选择，除了我刚才提到的所有负面因素之外，中国仍然是我的家，它仍然是一个令人惊叹的地方，在这里我有着文化纽带，更不用说我的家人、朋友、午夜购物中心、食物等等。

i know, i know, china is not the greatest place in the world, and there are still many problems to be solved. but it is certainly moving in a promising direction.

我知道，我知道，中国不是世界上最伟大的地方，还有很多问题需要解决。但它肯定朝着一个充满希望的方向发展。

海外网友尼奥的回答

the data show that this is not the case. in the past few years, there have been waves of migration in china. however, in recent years, this wave of migration has declined. on the contrary, more and more chinese began to return to china.

数据表明，并非如此。在过去几年里，中国的移民潮一波又一波。但近年来，这一波移民潮有所下降。相反，越来越多的中国人开始返回中国。

for them, all kinds of foreign incompatibilities make them unwilling to stay longer even if they have obtained the green card and permanent residency of the country. what are the reasons for their regret after emigration?

对他们来说，各种各样的外国不相容性使他们即使获得了该国的绿卡，获得永久居留权，也不愿意呆得更长，那么，他们移民国外后后悔的原因是什么呢？

the most important reason may be cultural differences. this may be the problem that the first generation of chinese immigrants will encounter overseas. the culture and customs of different regions will collide, and there will always be differences. chinas millennium cultural heritage makes you feel incompatible with the surrounding environment. other people do not need to accept your color, but gradually, these chinese immigrants will feel social exclusion, even if they hold a green card as the first generation immigrants. you will not be a real local.

最重要原因可能是文化差异。这可能是第一代中国移民在海外会遇到的问题。不同地区的文化习俗会发生碰撞，总会有差异。中国千年的文化遗产让你觉得与周围环境格格不入。其他人不需要接受你的肤色，但逐渐地，这些中国移民会感受到社会排斥，即使他们作为第一代移民持有绿卡。你不会是真正的本地人。

on the contrary, your words, thoughts and behaviors are still telling people around you that you are still chinese and you are incompatible with the environment here. they will also think that you are a foreigner who settled here, took their jobs, earned their money, and enjoyed their life. why are you an outsider here? take what belongs to them.

相反，你的言论、思想和行为仍然在告诉你周围的人，你仍然是中国人，你与这里的环境格格不入。他们也会觉得你是一个外国人，在这里定居，拿走了属于他们的工作，赚了他们的钱，享受了本该属于他们的生活。你一个外人为什么要来到这里？拿走应该属于他们的一切。

foreigners also have their own double standards. working abroad, few chinese can become senior managers. when there is a slight gap in business ability, foreigners are also willing to leave their senior positions to their own nationals. in the past, chinas economy was weak and discriminated against, but now china is rich and strong. chinas growth and development have created more employment opportunities. many foreigners also traveled across the sea to seek development opportunities in china.

外国人也有自己的双重标准。在国外工作，很少看到中国人能成为高级管理人员。当业务能力稍有差距时，外国人也愿意将自己的高级职位留给本国国民。过去，中国经济疲软，受到歧视，但现在中国又富又强。中国的增长和发展创造了更多的就业机会。许多外国人也漂洋过海，努力在中国寻找发展机会。

those who go abroad may come back in a few years and find that their former friends and classmates are better than themselves. this country has more opportunities, and their money and life are not worse than their own. in addition, after these chinese immigrants arrive abroad, they find that the surrounding environment is likely to be different from what they imagined, and they may also encounter medical problems, childrens school environment problems, family problems and other situations.

那些出国的人可能会在几年后回来，发现他们以前的朋友和同学都比自己好。这个国家有更多的机会，他们赚的钱和生活并不比自己差。此外，这些中国移民抵达国外后，他们发现周围环境很可能与他们想象的不同，也可能会遭遇医疗问题、儿童的学校环境问题、家庭问题和其他情况。

中国香港网友kaylee tong的回答

人们的天性是这样想的：“彼岸的草总是更绿的。”大多数人都很容易受到这种想法的影响。你在生活中有挣扎，有障碍要克服，很容易幻想“如果我移民到某国呢？”

这些情绪是自然的表达，往往可以激发人们移居另一个国家的勇气。喜欢旅行的人可以通过走出舒适区和家来恢复精力。

going to a different place is an adventure for them. they want to meet new people and experience new activities. for many chinese and people from all over asia, they regard the west, especially the united states of america, as a land of freedom and prosperity.

去一个不同的地方对他们来说是一次冒险，他们希望结识新的人，体验新的活动。对许多中国人以及来自亚洲各地的人来说，他们把西方，特别是美利坚合众国视为自由和繁荣的土地。

this view is not always accurate, because many americans describe their motherland as a police country, and the cities are full of homeless people. but many asians still hold the mentality of "american dream".

这种看法并不总是准确的，因为许多美国人将自己的祖国描述为一个警察国家，城市里到处都是无家可归的人。但许多亚洲人仍然抱着“美国梦”的心态。

if you have questions, you can visit american embassies and consulates in asian cities on an ordinary working day, and you will see a long queue of people applying for american visas. when i lived in seoul, south korea, from 2001 to 2007, even at the peak of anti american riots in 2003-2004, it was the same there.

如果你有疑问，你可以在一个普通的工作日访问美国驻亚洲城市的大使馆和领事馆，你会看到申请美国签证的人排起了长队。当我从2001年到2007年住在韩国首尔时，即使在2003-2004年反美骚乱的高峰期，那里也是如此。

therefore, it is not only the chinese who want to emigrate to the west. in addition, the united states and europe are good places for holidays and business trips. i suggest you go shopping in america, preferably in the holiday season after thanksgiving and before christmas.

因此，并非只有中国人希望移居西方。此外，美国和欧洲是度假和商务旅行的好去处。我建议你去美国购物，最好在感恩节之后和圣诞节之前的假日季节去。

american retailers are selling at deep discounts, but be prepared for long lines and crowded stores. americans like to buy gifts in december. at the same time, europe has a long and rich history, so the best time to go there is summer vacation, because the weather in most parts of the european continent is relatively mild.

美国零售商正在以大幅折扣出售商品，但要为排长队和非常拥挤的商店做好准备。美国人喜欢在十二月买礼物。同时，欧洲有着悠久而丰富的历史，所以去那里的最佳时间是暑假，因为欧洲大陆大部分地区的天气相对温和。

in any case, more and more asians want to stay in their own countries, while other asians who emigrate to the west express their desire to return home. the asian economy has grown significantly, while the western economy has either been flat or slow. asias economic opportunities are booming, and we will see more capital flowing to the east.

不管怎样，想要留在自己国家的亚洲人越来越多，而其他移民到西方的亚洲人则表示希望回国。亚洲经济大幅增长，而西方经济要么表现平平，要么增长缓慢。亚洲的经济机会正在蓬勃发展，我们将看到更多的资金流向东方。

如世界经济论坛所报告：

"governments of developing countries in the asia pacific region are working hard to overcome poverty, lack of infrastructure and other major obstacles to catch up with other regions of the digital world. the digital transformation and the fourth industrial revolution across markets will replace existing jobs, and in this process, the distribution of jobs in various sectors will change significantly.

“亚太地区发展中国家的政府正在努力克服贫困、缺乏基础设施和其他重大障碍，以赶上数字世界的其他地区。数字转型和跨市场的第四次工业革命将取代现有的工作岗位，在此过程中，各部门的工作岗位分布将发生重大变化。

例如，在人口老龄化的刺激下，医疗保健领域的就业人数预计将增加。然而，由于自动化，制造业、运输业和仓储业等劳动密集型行业的就业水平可能会下降。预计仅在东盟就将有5300万工人被辞退。零工经济的兴起使这种动态更加复杂，合格的毕业生正在从事打车司机和送餐快递员等工作。”

it is likely that in the future, more and more westerners will migrate to asia to find better jobs and business opportunities.

很可能在未来，越来越多的西方人将移民到亚洲，寻找更好的工作和商业机会。